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        void ast_yy_flush_buffer (YY_BUFFER_STATE  b , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    	if ( ! b )
    		return;
    
    	b->yy_n_chars = 0;
    
    	/* We always need two end-of-buffer characters.  The first causes
    	 * a transition to the end-of-buffer state.  The second causes
    	 * a jam in that state.
    	 */
    	b->yy_ch_buf[0] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
    	b->yy_ch_buf[1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
    
    	b->yy_buf_pos = &b->yy_ch_buf[0];
    
    	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
    	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
    
    	if ( b == YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
    		ast_yy_load_buffer_state(yyscanner );
    }
    
    /** Pushes the new state onto the stack. The new state becomes
     *  the current state. This function will allocate the stack
     *  if necessary.
     *  @param new_buffer The new state.
     *  @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    void ast_yypush_buffer_state (YY_BUFFER_STATE new_buffer , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    	if (new_buffer == NULL)
    		return;
    
    	ast_yyensure_buffer_stack(yyscanner);
    
    	/* This block is copied from ast_yy_switch_to_buffer. */
    	if ( YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
    		{
    		/* Flush out information for old buffer. */
    		*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yyg->yy_hold_char;
    		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_buf_pos = yyg->yy_c_buf_p;
    		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_n_chars = yyg->yy_n_chars;
    		}
    
    	/* Only push if top exists. Otherwise, replace top. */
    	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top++;
    	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = new_buffer;
    
    	/* copied from ast_yy_switch_to_buffer. */
    	ast_yy_load_buffer_state(yyscanner );
    	yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 1;
    }
    
    /** Removes and deletes the top of the stack, if present.
     *  The next element becomes the new top.
     *  @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    void ast_yypop_buffer_state (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    	if (!YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
    		return;
    
    	ast_yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ,yyscanner);
    	YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
    	if (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top > 0)
    		--yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top;
    
    	if (YY_CURRENT_BUFFER) {
    		ast_yy_load_buffer_state(yyscanner );
    		yyg->yy_did_buffer_switch_on_eof = 1;
    	}
    }
    
    /* Allocates the stack if it does not exist.
     *  Guarantees space for at least one push.
     */
    static void ast_yyensure_buffer_stack (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	int num_to_alloc;
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    
    	if (!yyg->yy_buffer_stack) {
    
    		/* First allocation is just for 2 elements, since we don't know if this
    		 * scanner will even need a stack. We use 2 instead of 1 to avoid an
    		 * immediate realloc on the next call.
             */
    		num_to_alloc = 1;
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack = (struct yy_buffer_state**)ast_yyalloc
    								(num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
    								, yyscanner);
    		
    		memset(yyg->yy_buffer_stack, 0, num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
    				
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = num_to_alloc;
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top = 0;
    		return;
    	}
    
    	if (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top >= (yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max) - 1){
    
    		/* Increase the buffer to prepare for a possible push. */
    		int grow_size = 8 /* arbitrary grow size */;
    
    		num_to_alloc = yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max + grow_size;
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack = (struct yy_buffer_state**)ast_yyrealloc
    								(yyg->yy_buffer_stack,
    								num_to_alloc * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*)
    								, yyscanner);
    
    		/* zero only the new slots.*/
    		memset(yyg->yy_buffer_stack + yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max, 0, grow_size * sizeof(struct yy_buffer_state*));
    		yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = num_to_alloc;
    	}
    }
    
    /** Setup the input buffer state to scan directly from a user-specified character buffer.
     * @param base the character buffer
     * @param size the size in bytes of the character buffer
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     * @return the newly allocated buffer state object. 
     */
    YY_BUFFER_STATE ast_yy_scan_buffer  (char * base, yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
        
    	if ( size < 2 ||
    	     base[size-2] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR ||
    	     base[size-1] != YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR )
    		/* They forgot to leave room for the EOB's. */
    		return 0;
    
    	b = (YY_BUFFER_STATE) ast_yyalloc(sizeof( struct yy_buffer_state ) ,yyscanner );
    	if ( ! b )
    		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in ast_yy_scan_buffer()" );
    
    	b->yy_buf_size = size - 2;	/* "- 2" to take care of EOB's */
    	b->yy_buf_pos = b->yy_ch_buf = base;
    	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 0;
    	b->yy_input_file = 0;
    	b->yy_n_chars = b->yy_buf_size;
    	b->yy_is_interactive = 0;
    	b->yy_at_bol = 1;
    	b->yy_fill_buffer = 0;
    	b->yy_buffer_status = YY_BUFFER_NEW;
    
    	ast_yy_switch_to_buffer(b ,yyscanner );
    
    	return b;
    }
    
    /** Setup the input buffer state to scan a string. The next call to ast_yylex() will
     * scan from a @e copy of @a str.
     * @param str a NUL-terminated string to scan
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
     * @note If you want to scan bytes that may contain NUL values, then use
     *       ast_yy_scan_bytes() instead.
     */
    YY_BUFFER_STATE ast_yy_scan_string (yyconst char * yy_str , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        
    	return ast_yy_scan_bytes(yy_str,strlen(yy_str) ,yyscanner);
    }
    
    /** Setup the input buffer state to scan the given bytes. The next call to ast_yylex() will
     * scan from a @e copy of @a bytes.
     * @param bytes the byte buffer to scan
     * @param len the number of bytes in the buffer pointed to by @a bytes.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     * @return the newly allocated buffer state object.
     */
    YY_BUFFER_STATE ast_yy_scan_bytes  (yyconst char * bytes, int  len , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	YY_BUFFER_STATE b;
    	char *buf;
    	yy_size_t n;
    	int i;
        
    	/* Get memory for full buffer, including space for trailing EOB's. */
    	n = len + 2;
    	buf = (char *) ast_yyalloc(n ,yyscanner );
    	if ( ! buf )
    		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "out of dynamic memory in ast_yy_scan_bytes()" );
    
    	for ( i = 0; i < len; ++i )
    		buf[i] = bytes[i];
    
    	buf[len] = buf[len+1] = YY_END_OF_BUFFER_CHAR;
    
    	b = ast_yy_scan_buffer(buf,n ,yyscanner);
    	if ( ! b )
    		YY_FATAL_ERROR( "bad buffer in ast_yy_scan_bytes()" );
    
    	/* It's okay to grow etc. this buffer, and we should throw it
    	 * away when we're done.
    	 */
    	b->yy_is_our_buffer = 1;
    
    	return b;
    }
    
    #ifndef YY_EXIT_FAILURE
    #define YY_EXIT_FAILURE 2
    #endif
    
    static void yy_fatal_error (yyconst char* msg , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        	(void) fprintf( stderr, "%s\n", msg );
    	exit( YY_EXIT_FAILURE );
    }
    
    /* Redefine yyless() so it works in section 3 code. */
    
    #undef yyless
    #define yyless(n) \
    	do \
    		{ \
    		/* Undo effects of setting up yytext. */ \
            int yyless_macro_arg = (n); \
            YY_LESS_LINENO(yyless_macro_arg);\
    		yytext[yyleng] = yyg->yy_hold_char; \
    		yyg->yy_c_buf_p = yytext + yyless_macro_arg; \
    		yyg->yy_hold_char = *yyg->yy_c_buf_p; \
    		*yyg->yy_c_buf_p = '\0'; \
    		yyleng = yyless_macro_arg; \
    		} \
    	while ( 0 )
    
    /* Accessor  methods (get/set functions) to struct members. */
    
    /** Get the user-defined data for this scanner.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    YY_EXTRA_TYPE ast_yyget_extra  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yyextra;
    }
    
    /** Get the current line number.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    int ast_yyget_lineno  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        
            if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
                return 0;
        
        return yylineno;
    }
    
    /** Get the current column number.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    int ast_yyget_column  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        
            if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER)
                return 0;
        
        return yycolumn;
    }
    
    /** Get the input stream.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    FILE *ast_yyget_in  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yyin;
    }
    
    /** Get the output stream.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    FILE *ast_yyget_out  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yyout;
    }
    
    /** Get the length of the current token.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    int ast_yyget_leng  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yyleng;
    }
    
    /** Get the current token.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    
    char *ast_yyget_text  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yytext;
    }
    
    /** Set the user-defined data. This data is never touched by the scanner.
     * @param user_defined The data to be associated with this scanner.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    void ast_yyset_extra (YY_EXTRA_TYPE  user_defined , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yyextra = user_defined ;
    }
    
    /** Set the current line number.
     * @param line_number
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    void ast_yyset_lineno (int  line_number , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    
            /* lineno is only valid if an input buffer exists. */
            if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
               yy_fatal_error( "ast_yyset_lineno called with no buffer" , yyscanner); 
        
        yylineno = line_number;
    }
    
    /** Set the current column.
     * @param line_number
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     */
    void ast_yyset_column (int  column_no , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    
            /* column is only valid if an input buffer exists. */
            if (! YY_CURRENT_BUFFER )
               yy_fatal_error( "ast_yyset_column called with no buffer" , yyscanner); 
        
        yycolumn = column_no;
    }
    
    /** Set the input stream. This does not discard the current
     * input buffer.
     * @param in_str A readable stream.
     * @param yyscanner The scanner object.
     * @see ast_yy_switch_to_buffer
     */
    void ast_yyset_in (FILE *  in_str , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yyin = in_str ;
    }
    
    void ast_yyset_out (FILE *  out_str , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yyout = out_str ;
    }
    
    int ast_yyget_debug  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yy_flex_debug;
    }
    
    void ast_yyset_debug (int  bdebug , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yy_flex_debug = bdebug ;
    }
    
    /* Accessor methods for yylval and yylloc */
    
    YYSTYPE * ast_yyget_lval  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yylval;
    }
    
    void ast_yyset_lval (YYSTYPE *  yylval_param , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yylval = yylval_param;
    }
    
    YYLTYPE *ast_yyget_lloc  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        return yylloc;
    }
        
    void ast_yyset_lloc (YYLTYPE *  yylloc_param , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        yylloc = yylloc_param;
    }
        
    static int yy_init_globals (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
        /* Initialization is the same as for the non-reentrant scanner.
           This function is called once per scanner lifetime. */
    
        yyg->yy_buffer_stack = 0;
        yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top = 0;
        yyg->yy_buffer_stack_max = 0;
        yyg->yy_c_buf_p = (char *) 0;
        yyg->yy_init = 1;
        yyg->yy_start = 0;
        yyg->yy_start_stack_ptr = 0;
        yyg->yy_start_stack_depth = 0;
        yyg->yy_start_stack = (int *) 0;
    
    /* Defined in main.c */
    #ifdef YY_STDINIT
        yyin = stdin;
        yyout = stdout;
    #else
        yyin = (FILE *) 0;
        yyout = (FILE *) 0;
    #endif
    
        /* For future reference: Set errno on error, since we are called by
         * ast_yylex_init()
         */
        return 0;
    }
    
    /* User-visible API */
    
    /* ast_yylex_init is special because it creates the scanner itself, so it is
     * the ONLY reentrant function that doesn't take the scanner as the last argument.
     * That's why we explicitly handle the declaration, instead of using our macros.
     */
    
    int ast_yylex_init(yyscan_t* ptr_yy_globals)
    
    {
        if (ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
            errno = EINVAL;
            return 1;
        }
    
        *ptr_yy_globals = (yyscan_t) ast_yyalloc ( sizeof( struct yyguts_t ), NULL );
    
        if (*ptr_yy_globals == NULL){
            errno = ENOMEM;
            return 1;
        }
    
        memset(*ptr_yy_globals,0,sizeof(struct yyguts_t));
    
        return yy_init_globals ( *ptr_yy_globals );
    }
    
    /* ast_yylex_destroy is for both reentrant and non-reentrant scanners. */
    int ast_yylex_destroy  (yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    
        /* Pop the buffer stack, destroying each element. */
    	while(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER){
    		ast_yy_delete_buffer(YY_CURRENT_BUFFER ,yyscanner );
    		YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE = NULL;
    		ast_yypop_buffer_state(yyscanner);
    	}
    
    	/* Destroy the stack itself. */
    	ast_yyfree(yyg->yy_buffer_stack ,yyscanner);
    	yyg->yy_buffer_stack = NULL;
    
        /* Destroy the start condition stack. */
            ast_yyfree(yyg->yy_start_stack ,yyscanner );
            yyg->yy_start_stack = NULL;
    
        /* Destroy the main struct (reentrant only). */
        ast_yyfree ( yyscanner , yyscanner );
        return 0;
    }
    
    /*
     * Internal utility routines.
     */
    
    #ifndef yytext_ptr
    static void yy_flex_strncpy (char* s1, yyconst char * s2, int n , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	register int i;
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    	for ( i = 0; i < n; ++i )
    		s1[i] = s2[i];
    }
    #endif
    
    #ifdef YY_NEED_STRLEN
    static int yy_flex_strlen (yyconst char * s , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	register int n;
        struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)yyscanner;
    	for ( n = 0; s[n]; ++n )
    		;
    
    	return n;
    }
    #endif
    
    void *ast_yyalloc (yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	return (void *) malloc( size );
    }
    
    void *ast_yyrealloc  (void * ptr, yy_size_t  size , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	/* The cast to (char *) in the following accommodates both
    	 * implementations that use char* generic pointers, and those
    	 * that use void* generic pointers.  It works with the latter
    	 * because both ANSI C and C++ allow castless assignment from
    	 * any pointer type to void*, and deal with argument conversions
    	 * as though doing an assignment.
    	 */
    	return (void *) realloc( (char *) ptr, size );
    }
    
    void ast_yyfree (void * ptr , yyscan_t yyscanner)
    {
    	free( (char *) ptr );	/* see ast_yyrealloc() for (char *) cast */
    }
    
    #define YYTABLES_NAME "yytables"
    
    #undef YY_NEW_FILE
    #undef YY_FLUSH_BUFFER
    #undef yy_set_bol
    #undef yy_new_buffer
    #undef yy_set_interactive
    #undef yytext_ptr
    #undef YY_DO_BEFORE_ACTION
    
    #ifdef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
    #undef YY_DECL_IS_OURS
    #undef YY_DECL
    #endif
    
    
    
    
    /* I'm putting the interface routine to the whole parse here in the flexer input file
       mainly because of all the flexer initialization that has to be done. Shouldn't matter
       where it is, as long as it's somewhere. I didn't want to define a prototype for the
       ast_yy_scan_string in the .y file, because then, I'd have to define YY_BUFFER_STATE there...
    	UGH! that would be inappropriate. */
    
    
    int ast_yyparse(void *); /* need to/should define this prototype for the call to yyparse */
    int ast_yyerror(const char *, YYLTYPE *, struct parse_io *); /* likewise */
    
    int ast_expr(char *expr, char *buf, int length)
    
    	io = calloc(sizeof(struct parse_io),1);
    	io->string = expr;  /* to pass to the error routine */
    
    	ast_yy_scan_string(expr, io->scanner);
    
    	if (io->val == NULL) {
    		if (length > 1) {
    			strcpy(buf, "0");
    			return 1;
    		}
    
    	} else {
    		if (io->val->type == AST_EXPR_integer) {
    
    			int res_length;
    
    			res_length = snprintf(buf, length, "%ld", (long int) io->val->u.i);
    			return res_length <= length ? res_length : length;
    		} else {
    #ifdef STANDALONE
    			strncpy(buf, io->val->u.s, length - 1);
    #else /* !STANDALONE */
    			ast_copy_string(buf, io->val->u.s, length);
    #endif /* STANDALONE */
    			return strlen(buf);
    
    }
    
    int ast_yyerror (const char *s,  yyltype *loc, struct parse_io *parseio )
    {	
    	struct yyguts_t * yyg = (struct yyguts_t*)(parseio->scanner);
    	char spacebuf[8000]; /* best safe than sorry */
    	char spacebuf2[8000]; /* best safe than sorry */
    	int i=0;
    	spacebuf[0] = 0;
    	
    #ifdef WHEN_LOC_MEANS_SOMETHING
    	if( loc->first_column > 7990 ) /* if things get out of whack, why crash? */
    		loc->first_column = 7990;
    	if( loc->last_column > 7990 )
    		loc->last_column = 7990;
    	for(i=0;i<loc->first_column;i++) spacebuf[i] = ' ';
    	for(   ;i<loc->last_column;i++) spacebuf[i] = '^';
    	spacebuf[i] = 0;
    #endif
    	for(i=0;i< (int)(yytext - YY_CURRENT_BUFFER_LVALUE->yy_ch_buf);i++) spacebuf2[i] = ' ';  /* uh... assuming yyg is defined, then I can use the yycolumn macro,
    													which is the same thing as... get this:
    													yyg->yy_buffer_stack[yyg->yy_buffer_stack_top]->yy_bs_column
    													I was tempted to just use yy_buf_pos in the STATE, but..., well:
    														a. the yy_buf_pos is the current position in the buffer, which
    															may not relate to the entire string/buffer because of the
    															buffering.
    														b. but, analysis of the situation is that when you use the
    															ast_yy_scan_string func, it creates a single buffer the size of
    															string, so the two would be the same... 
    													so, in the end, the yycolumn macro is available, shorter, therefore easier. */
    	spacebuf2[i++]='^';
    	spacebuf2[i]= 0;
    
    #ifdef STANDALONE3
    	/* easier to read in the standalone version */
    	printf("ast_yyerror(): syntax error: %s; Input:\n%s\n%s\n",  
    			s, parseio->string,spacebuf2);
    #else
    	ast_log(LOG_WARNING,"ast_yyerror(): syntax error: %s; Input:\n%s\n%s\n",  
    			s, parseio->string,spacebuf2);
    #endif
    #ifndef STANDALONE
    	ast_log(LOG_WARNING,"If you have questions, please refer to doc/README.variables in the asterisk source.\n");
    #endif
    	return(0);
    }