This commit adds scaffolding in order to support the SILK audio format
on calls. Roughly, this is what is added:

* Cached silk formats. One for each possible sample rate.
* ast_codec structures for each possible sample rate.
* RTP payload mappings for "SILK".

In addition, this change overhauls the res_format_attr_silk file in the
following ways:

* The "samplerate" attribute is scrapped. That's native to the format.
* There are far more checks to ensure that attributes have been
  allocated before attempting to reference them.
* We do not SDP fmtp lines for attributes set to 0.

These changes make way to be able to install a codec_silk module and
have it actually work. It also should allow for passthrough silk calls
in Asterisk.

Change-Id: Ieeb39c95a9fecc9246bcfd3c45a6c9b51c59380e