Replace most uses of ast_register_atexit with ast_register_cleanup.

Since 'core stop now' and 'core restart now' do not stop modules,
it is unsafe for most of the core to run cleanups.  Originally all
cleanups used ast_register_atexit, and were only changed when it
was shown to be unsafe.  ast_register_atexit is now used only when
absolutely required to prevent corruption and close child processes.

Exceptions that need to use ast_register_atexit:
* CDR: Flush records.
* res_musiconhold: Kill external applications.
* AstDB: Close the DB.
* canary_exit: Kill canary process.

ASTERISK-24142 #close
Reported by: David Brillert

ASTERISK-24683 #close
Reported by: Peter Katzmann

ASTERISK-24805 #close
Reported by: Badalian Vyacheslav

ASTERISK-24881 #close
Reported by: Corey Farrell

Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/4500/
Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/4501/
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Merged revisions 433495 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/11
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Merged revisions 433497 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/13


git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@433498 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3