pbx.c: prevent potential crash from recursive replace()

Recurisve usage of replace() resulted in corruption of the
temporary string storage and potential crash.  By changing
the string to be allocated separtely per instance, this is
eliminated.

ASTERISK-23650 #comment Reported by: Roel van Meer
ASTERISK-23650 #close

Review: https://reviewboard.asterisk.org/r/3539/
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Merged revisions 414214 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/1.8
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Merged revisions 414215 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/11
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Merged revisions 414216 from http://svn.asterisk.org/svn/asterisk/branches/12


git-svn-id: https://origsvn.digium.com/svn/asterisk/trunk@414217 65c4cc65-6c06-0410-ace0-fbb531ad65f3