frame.c

/*
 * Asterisk -- An open source telephony toolkit.
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1999 - 2005, Digium, Inc.
 *
 * Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com>
 *
 * See http://www.asterisk.org for more information about
 * the Asterisk project. Please do not directly contact
 * any of the maintainers of this project for assistance;
 * the project provides a web site, mailing lists and IRC
 * channels for your use.
 *
 * This program is free software, distributed under the terms of
 * the GNU General Public License Version 2. See the LICENSE file
 * at the top of the source tree.
 */

/*! \file
 *
 * \brief Frame and codec manipulation routines
 *
 * \author Mark Spencer <markster@digium.com> 
 */

#include "asterisk.h"

ASTERISK_FILE_VERSION(__FILE__, "$Revision$")

#include "asterisk/_private.h"
#include "asterisk/lock.h"
#include "asterisk/frame.h"
#include "asterisk/channel.h"
#include "asterisk/cli.h"
#include "asterisk/term.h"
#include "asterisk/utils.h"
#include "asterisk/threadstorage.h"
#include "asterisk/linkedlists.h"
#include "asterisk/translate.h"
#include "asterisk/dsp.h"
#include "asterisk/file.h"

#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
static void frame_cache_cleanup(void *data);

/*! \brief A per-thread cache of frame headers */
AST_THREADSTORAGE_CUSTOM(frame_cache, NULL, frame_cache_cleanup);

/*! 
 * \brief Maximum ast_frame cache size
 *
 * In most cases where the frame header cache will be useful, the size
 * of the cache will stay very small.  However, it is not always the case that
 * the same thread that allocates the frame will be the one freeing them, so
 * sometimes a thread will never have any frames in its cache, or the cache
 * will never be pulled from.  For the latter case, we limit the maximum size. 
 */ 
#define FRAME_CACHE_MAX_SIZE	10

/*! \brief This is just so ast_frames, a list head struct for holding a list of
 *  ast_frame structures, is defined. */
AST_LIST_HEAD_NOLOCK(ast_frames, ast_frame);

struct ast_frame_cache {
	struct ast_frames list;
	size_t size;
};
#endif

#define SMOOTHER_SIZE 8000

enum frame_type {
	TYPE_HIGH,     /* 0x0 */
	TYPE_LOW,      /* 0x1 */
	TYPE_SILENCE,  /* 0x2 */
	TYPE_DONTSEND  /* 0x3 */
};

#define TYPE_MASK 0x3

struct ast_smoother {
	int size;
	format_t format;
	int flags;
	float samplesperbyte;
	unsigned int opt_needs_swap:1;
	struct ast_frame f;
	struct timeval delivery;
	char data[SMOOTHER_SIZE];
	char framedata[SMOOTHER_SIZE + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET];
	struct ast_frame *opt;
	int len;
};

/*! \brief Definition of supported media formats (codecs) */
static const struct ast_format_list AST_FORMAT_LIST[] = {
	{ AST_FORMAT_G723_1 , "g723", 8000, "G.723.1", 20, 30, 300, 30, 30 },                                  /*!< G723.1 */
	{ AST_FORMAT_GSM, "gsm", 8000, "GSM", 33, 20, 300, 20, 20 },                                           /*!< codec_gsm.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_ULAW, "ulaw", 8000, "G.711 u-law", 80, 10, 150, 10, 20 },                                 /*!< codec_ulaw.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_ALAW, "alaw", 8000, "G.711 A-law", 80, 10, 150, 10, 20 },                                 /*!< codec_alaw.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_G726, "g726", 8000, "G.726 RFC3551", 40, 10, 300, 10, 20 },                               /*!< codec_g726.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_ADPCM, "adpcm" , 8000, "ADPCM", 40, 10, 300, 10, 20 },                                    /*!< codec_adpcm.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_SLINEAR, "slin", 8000, "16 bit Signed Linear PCM", 160, 10, 70, 10, 20, AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_BE }, /*!< Signed linear */
	{ AST_FORMAT_LPC10, "lpc10", 8000, "LPC10", 7, 20, 20, 20, 20 },                                       /*!< codec_lpc10.c */ 
	{ AST_FORMAT_G729A, "g729", 8000, "G.729A", 10, 10, 230, 10, 20, AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_G729 },             /*!< Binary commercial distribution */
	{ AST_FORMAT_SPEEX, "speex", 8000, "SpeeX", 10, 10, 60, 10, 20 },                                      /*!< codec_speex.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_ILBC, "ilbc", 8000, "iLBC", 50, 30, 30, 30, 30 },                                         /*!< codec_ilbc.c */ /* inc=30ms - workaround */
	{ AST_FORMAT_G726_AAL2, "g726aal2", 8000, "G.726 AAL2", 40, 10, 300, 10, 20 },                         /*!< codec_g726.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_G722, "g722", 16000, "G722", 80, 10, 150, 10, 20 },                                       /*!< codec_g722.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_SLINEAR16, "slin16", 16000, "16 bit Signed Linear PCM (16kHz)", 320, 10, 70, 10, 20, AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_BE },    /*!< Signed linear (16kHz) */
	{ AST_FORMAT_JPEG, "jpeg", 0, "JPEG image"},                                                           /*!< See format_jpeg.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_PNG, "png", 0, "PNG image"},                                                              /*!< PNG Image format */
	{ AST_FORMAT_H261, "h261", 0, "H.261 Video" },                                                         /*!< H.261 Video Passthrough */
	{ AST_FORMAT_H263, "h263", 0, "H.263 Video" },                                                         /*!< H.263 Passthrough support, see format_h263.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_H263_PLUS, "h263p", 0, "H.263+ Video" },                                                  /*!< H.263plus passthrough support See format_h263.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_H264, "h264", 0, "H.264 Video" },                                                         /*!< Passthrough support, see format_h263.c */
	{ AST_FORMAT_MP4_VIDEO, "mpeg4", 0, "MPEG4 Video" },                                                   /*!< Passthrough support for MPEG4 */
	{ AST_FORMAT_T140RED, "red", 1, "T.140 Realtime Text with redundancy"},                                /*!< Redundant T.140 Realtime Text */
	{ AST_FORMAT_T140, "t140", 0, "Passthrough T.140 Realtime Text" },                                     /*!< Passthrough support for T.140 Realtime Text */
	{ AST_FORMAT_SIREN7, "siren7", 16000, "ITU G.722.1 (Siren7, licensed from Polycom)", 80, 20, 80, 20, 20 },			/*!< Binary commercial distribution */
	{ AST_FORMAT_SIREN14, "siren14", 32000, "ITU G.722.1 Annex C, (Siren14, licensed from Polycom)", 120, 20, 80, 20, 20 },	/*!< Binary commercial distribution */
	{ AST_FORMAT_TESTLAW, "testlaw", 8000, "G.711 test-law", 80, 10, 150, 10, 20 },                                 /*!< codec_ulaw.c */
};

struct ast_frame ast_null_frame = { AST_FRAME_NULL, };

static int smoother_frame_feed(struct ast_smoother *s, struct ast_frame *f, int swap)
{
	if (s->flags & AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_G729) {
		if (s->len % 10) {
			ast_log(LOG_NOTICE, "Dropping extra frame of G.729 since we already have a VAD frame at the end\n");
			return 0;
		}
	}
	if (swap) {
		ast_swapcopy_samples(s->data + s->len, f->data.ptr, f->samples);
	} else {
		memcpy(s->data + s->len, f->data.ptr, f->datalen);
	}
	/* If either side is empty, reset the delivery time */
	if (!s->len || ast_tvzero(f->delivery) || ast_tvzero(s->delivery)) {	/* XXX really ? */
		s->delivery = f->delivery;
	}
	s->len += f->datalen;

	return 0;
}

void ast_smoother_reset(struct ast_smoother *s, int bytes)
{
	memset(s, 0, sizeof(*s));
	s->size = bytes;
}

void ast_smoother_reconfigure(struct ast_smoother *s, int bytes)
{
	/* if there is no change, then nothing to do */
	if (s->size == bytes) {
		return;
	}
	/* set the new desired output size */
	s->size = bytes;
	/* if there is no 'optimized' frame in the smoother,
	 *   then there is nothing left to do
	 */
	if (!s->opt) {
		return;
	}
	/* there is an 'optimized' frame here at the old size,
	 * but it must now be put into the buffer so the data
	 * can be extracted at the new size
	 */
	smoother_frame_feed(s, s->opt, s->opt_needs_swap);
	s->opt = NULL;
}

struct ast_smoother *ast_smoother_new(int size)
{
	struct ast_smoother *s;
	if (size < 1)
		return NULL;
	if ((s = ast_malloc(sizeof(*s))))
		ast_smoother_reset(s, size);
	return s;
}

int ast_smoother_get_flags(struct ast_smoother *s)
{
	return s->flags;
}

void ast_smoother_set_flags(struct ast_smoother *s, int flags)
{
	s->flags = flags;
}

int ast_smoother_test_flag(struct ast_smoother *s, int flag)
{
	return (s->flags & flag);
}

int __ast_smoother_feed(struct ast_smoother *s, struct ast_frame *f, int swap)
{
	if (f->frametype != AST_FRAME_VOICE) {
		ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Huh?  Can't smooth a non-voice frame!\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if (!s->format) {
		s->format = f->subclass.codec;
		s->samplesperbyte = (float)f->samples / (float)f->datalen;
	} else if (s->format != f->subclass.codec) {
		ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Smoother was working on %s format frames, now trying to feed %s?\n",
			ast_getformatname(s->format), ast_getformatname(f->subclass.codec));
		return -1;
	}
	if (s->len + f->datalen > SMOOTHER_SIZE) {
		ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Out of smoother space\n");
		return -1;
	}
	if (((f->datalen == s->size) ||
	     ((f->datalen < 10) && (s->flags & AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_G729))) &&
	    !s->opt &&
	    !s->len &&
	    (f->offset >= AST_MIN_OFFSET)) {
		/* Optimize by sending the frame we just got
		   on the next read, thus eliminating the douple
		   copy */
		if (swap)
			ast_swapcopy_samples(f->data.ptr, f->data.ptr, f->samples);
		s->opt = f;
		s->opt_needs_swap = swap ? 1 : 0;
		return 0;
	}

	return smoother_frame_feed(s, f, swap);
}

struct ast_frame *ast_smoother_read(struct ast_smoother *s)
{
	struct ast_frame *opt;
	int len;

	/* IF we have an optimization frame, send it */
	if (s->opt) {
		if (s->opt->offset < AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET)
			ast_log(LOG_WARNING, "Returning a frame of inappropriate offset (%d).\n",
							s->opt->offset);
		opt = s->opt;
		s->opt = NULL;
		return opt;
	}

	/* Make sure we have enough data */
	if (s->len < s->size) {
		/* Or, if this is a G.729 frame with VAD on it, send it immediately anyway */
		if (!((s->flags & AST_SMOOTHER_FLAG_G729) && (s->len % 10)))
			return NULL;
	}
	len = s->size;
	if (len > s->len)
		len = s->len;
	/* Make frame */
	s->f.frametype = AST_FRAME_VOICE;
	s->f.subclass.codec = s->format;
	s->f.data.ptr = s->framedata + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
	s->f.offset = AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
	s->f.datalen = len;
	/* Samples will be improper given VAD, but with VAD the concept really doesn't even exist */
	s->f.samples = len * s->samplesperbyte;	/* XXX rounding */
	s->f.delivery = s->delivery;
	/* Fill Data */
	memcpy(s->f.data.ptr, s->data, len);
	s->len -= len;
	/* Move remaining data to the front if applicable */
	if (s->len) {
		/* In principle this should all be fine because if we are sending
		   G.729 VAD, the next timestamp will take over anyawy */
		memmove(s->data, s->data + len, s->len);
		if (!ast_tvzero(s->delivery)) {
			/* If we have delivery time, increment it, otherwise, leave it at 0 */
			s->delivery = ast_tvadd(s->delivery, ast_samp2tv(s->f.samples, ast_format_rate(s->format)));
		}
	}
	/* Return frame */
	return &s->f;
}

void ast_smoother_free(struct ast_smoother *s)
{
	ast_free(s);
}

static struct ast_frame *ast_frame_header_new(void)
{
	struct ast_frame *f;

#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
	struct ast_frame_cache *frames;

	if ((frames = ast_threadstorage_get(&frame_cache, sizeof(*frames)))) {
		if ((f = AST_LIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&frames->list, frame_list))) {
			size_t mallocd_len = f->mallocd_hdr_len;
			memset(f, 0, sizeof(*f));
			f->mallocd_hdr_len = mallocd_len;
			f->mallocd = AST_MALLOCD_HDR;
			frames->size--;
			return f;
		}
	}
	if (!(f = ast_calloc_cache(1, sizeof(*f))))
		return NULL;
#else
	if (!(f = ast_calloc(1, sizeof(*f))))
		return NULL;
#endif

	f->mallocd_hdr_len = sizeof(*f);
	
	return f;
}

#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
static void frame_cache_cleanup(void *data)
{
	struct ast_frame_cache *frames = data;
	struct ast_frame *f;

	while ((f = AST_LIST_REMOVE_HEAD(&frames->list, frame_list)))
		ast_free(f);
	
	ast_free(frames);
}
#endif

static void __frame_free(struct ast_frame *fr, int cache)
{
	if (!fr->mallocd)
		return;

#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
	if (cache && fr->mallocd == AST_MALLOCD_HDR) {
		/* Cool, only the header is malloc'd, let's just cache those for now 
		 * to keep things simple... */
		struct ast_frame_cache *frames;

		if ((frames = ast_threadstorage_get(&frame_cache, sizeof(*frames))) &&
		    (frames->size < FRAME_CACHE_MAX_SIZE)) {
			AST_LIST_INSERT_HEAD(&frames->list, fr, frame_list);
			frames->size++;
			return;
		}
	}
#endif
	
	if (fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_DATA) {
		if (fr->data.ptr) 
			ast_free(fr->data.ptr - fr->offset);
	}
	if (fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_SRC) {
		if (fr->src)
			ast_free((void *) fr->src);
	}
	if (fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_HDR) {
		ast_free(fr);
	}
}


void ast_frame_free(struct ast_frame *frame, int cache)
{
	struct ast_frame *next;

	for (next = AST_LIST_NEXT(frame, frame_list);
	     frame;
	     frame = next, next = frame ? AST_LIST_NEXT(frame, frame_list) : NULL) {
		__frame_free(frame, cache);
	}
}

/*!
 * \brief 'isolates' a frame by duplicating non-malloc'ed components
 * (header, src, data).
 * On return all components are malloc'ed
 */
struct ast_frame *ast_frisolate(struct ast_frame *fr)
{
	struct ast_frame *out;
	void *newdata;

	/* if none of the existing frame is malloc'd, let ast_frdup() do it
	   since it is more efficient
	*/
	if (fr->mallocd == 0) {
		return ast_frdup(fr);
	}

	/* if everything is already malloc'd, we are done */
	if ((fr->mallocd & (AST_MALLOCD_HDR | AST_MALLOCD_SRC | AST_MALLOCD_DATA)) ==
	    (AST_MALLOCD_HDR | AST_MALLOCD_SRC | AST_MALLOCD_DATA)) {
		return fr;
	}

	if (!(fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_HDR)) {
		/* Allocate a new header if needed */
		if (!(out = ast_frame_header_new())) {
			return NULL;
		}
		out->frametype = fr->frametype;
		out->subclass.codec = fr->subclass.codec;
		out->datalen = fr->datalen;
		out->samples = fr->samples;
		out->offset = fr->offset;
		/* Copy the timing data */
		ast_copy_flags(out, fr, AST_FRFLAG_HAS_TIMING_INFO);
		if (ast_test_flag(fr, AST_FRFLAG_HAS_TIMING_INFO)) {
			out->ts = fr->ts;
			out->len = fr->len;
			out->seqno = fr->seqno;
		}
	} else {
		out = fr;
	}
	
	if (!(fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_SRC) && fr->src) {
		if (!(out->src = ast_strdup(fr->src))) {
			if (out != fr) {
				ast_free(out);
			}
			return NULL;
		}
	} else {
		out->src = fr->src;
		fr->src = NULL;
		fr->mallocd &= ~AST_MALLOCD_SRC;
	}
	
	if (!(fr->mallocd & AST_MALLOCD_DATA))  {
		if (!(newdata = ast_malloc(fr->datalen + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET))) {
			if (out->src != fr->src) {
				ast_free((void *) out->src);
			}
			if (out != fr) {
				ast_free(out);
			}
			return NULL;
		}
		newdata += AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
		out->offset = AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
		out->datalen = fr->datalen;
		memcpy(newdata, fr->data.ptr, fr->datalen);
		out->data.ptr = newdata;
	} else {
		out->data = fr->data;
		memset(&fr->data, 0, sizeof(fr->data));
		fr->mallocd &= ~AST_MALLOCD_DATA;
	}

	out->mallocd = AST_MALLOCD_HDR | AST_MALLOCD_SRC | AST_MALLOCD_DATA;
	
	return out;
}

struct ast_frame *ast_frdup(const struct ast_frame *f)
{
	struct ast_frame *out = NULL;
	int len, srclen = 0;
	void *buf = NULL;

#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
	struct ast_frame_cache *frames;
#endif

	/* Start with standard stuff */
	len = sizeof(*out) + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET + f->datalen;
	/* If we have a source, add space for it */
	/*
	 * XXX Watch out here - if we receive a src which is not terminated
	 * properly, we can be easily attacked. Should limit the size we deal with.
	 */
	if (f->src)
		srclen = strlen(f->src);
	if (srclen > 0)
		len += srclen + 1;
	
#if !defined(LOW_MEMORY)
	if ((frames = ast_threadstorage_get(&frame_cache, sizeof(*frames)))) {
		AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_BEGIN(&frames->list, out, frame_list) {
			if (out->mallocd_hdr_len >= len) {
				size_t mallocd_len = out->mallocd_hdr_len;

				AST_LIST_REMOVE_CURRENT(frame_list);
				memset(out, 0, sizeof(*out));
				out->mallocd_hdr_len = mallocd_len;
				buf = out;
				frames->size--;
				break;
			}
		}
		AST_LIST_TRAVERSE_SAFE_END;
	}
#endif

	if (!buf) {
		if (!(buf = ast_calloc_cache(1, len)))
			return NULL;
		out = buf;
		out->mallocd_hdr_len = len;
	}

	out->frametype = f->frametype;
	out->subclass.codec = f->subclass.codec;
	out->datalen = f->datalen;
	out->samples = f->samples;
	out->delivery = f->delivery;
	/* Set us as having malloc'd header only, so it will eventually
	   get freed. */
	out->mallocd = AST_MALLOCD_HDR;
	out->offset = AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
	if (out->datalen) {
		out->data.ptr = buf + sizeof(*out) + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET;
		memcpy(out->data.ptr, f->data.ptr, out->datalen);	
	} else {
		out->data.uint32 = f->data.uint32;
	}
	if (srclen > 0) {
		/* This may seem a little strange, but it's to avoid a gcc (4.2.4) compiler warning */
		char *src;
		out->src = buf + sizeof(*out) + AST_FRIENDLY_OFFSET + f->datalen;
		src = (char *) out->src;
		/* Must have space since we allocated for it */
		strcpy(src, f->src);
	}
	ast_copy_flags(out, f, AST_FRFLAG_HAS_TIMING_INFO);
	out->ts = f->ts;
	out->len = f->len;
	out->seqno = f->seqno;
	return out;
}

void ast_swapcopy_samples(void *dst, const void *src, int samples)
{
	int i;
	unsigned short *dst_s = dst;
	const unsigned short *src_s = src;

	for (i = 0; i < samples; i++)
		dst_s[i] = (src_s[i]<<8) | (src_s[i]>>8);
}


const struct ast_format_list *ast_get_format_list_index(int idx) 
{
	return &AST_FORMAT_LIST[idx];
}

const struct ast_format_list *ast_get_format_list(size_t *size) 
{
	*size = ARRAY_LEN(AST_FORMAT_LIST);
	return AST_FORMAT_LIST;
}

char* ast_getformatname(format_t format)
{
	int x;
	char *ret = "unknown";
	for (x = 0; x < ARRAY_LEN(AST_FORMAT_LIST); x++) {
		if (AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].bits == format) {
			ret = AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].name;
			break;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

char *ast_getformatname_multiple(char *buf, size_t size, format_t format)
{
	int x;
	unsigned len;
	char *start, *end = buf;

	if (!size)
		return buf;
	snprintf(end, size, "0x%llx (", (unsigned long long) format);
	len = strlen(end);
	end += len;
	size -= len;
	start = end;
	for (x = 0; x < ARRAY_LEN(AST_FORMAT_LIST); x++) {
		if (AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].bits & format) {
			snprintf(end, size, "%s|", AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].name);
			len = strlen(end);
			end += len;
			size -= len;
		}
	}
	if (start == end)
		ast_copy_string(start, "nothing)", size);
	else if (size > 1)
		*(end - 1) = ')';
	return buf;
}

static struct ast_codec_alias_table {
	char *alias;
	char *realname;
} ast_codec_alias_table[] = {
	{ "slinear", "slin"},
	{ "slinear16", "slin16"},
	{ "g723.1", "g723"},
	{ "g722.1", "siren7"},
	{ "g722.1c", "siren14"},
};

static const char *ast_expand_codec_alias(const char *in)
{
	int x;

	for (x = 0; x < ARRAY_LEN(ast_codec_alias_table); x++) {
		if (!strcmp(in,ast_codec_alias_table[x].alias))
			return ast_codec_alias_table[x].realname;
	}
	return in;
}

format_t ast_getformatbyname(const char *name)
{
	int x, all;
	format_t format = 0;

	all = strcasecmp(name, "all") ? 0 : 1;
	for (x = 0; x < ARRAY_LEN(AST_FORMAT_LIST); x++) {
		if (all || 
			  !strcasecmp(AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].name,name) ||
			  !strcasecmp(AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].name, ast_expand_codec_alias(name))) {
			format |= AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].bits;
			if (!all)
				break;
		}
	}

	return format;
}

char *ast_codec2str(format_t codec)
{
	int x;
	char *ret = "unknown";
	for (x = 0; x < ARRAY_LEN(AST_FORMAT_LIST); x++) {
		if (AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].bits == codec) {
			ret = AST_FORMAT_LIST[x].desc;
			break;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

static char *show_codecs(struct ast_cli_entry *e, int cmd, struct ast_cli_args *a)
{
	int i, found=0;
	char hex[25];

	switch (cmd) {
	case CLI_INIT:
		e->command = "core show codecs [audio|video|image|text]";
		e->usage =
			"Usage: core show codecs [audio|video|image|text]\n"
			"       Displays codec mapping\n";
		return NULL;
	case CLI_GENERATE:
		return NULL;
	}

	if ((a->argc < 3) || (a->argc > 4))
		return CLI_SHOWUSAGE;

	if (!ast_opt_dont_warn)
		ast_cli(a->fd, "Disclaimer: this command is for informational purposes only.\n"
				"\tIt does not indicate anything about your configuration.\n");

	ast_cli(a->fd, "%19s %9s %20s   TYPE   %8s   %s\n","INT","BINARY","HEX","NAME","DESCRIPTION");
	ast_cli(a->fd, "-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
	for (i = 0; i < 63; i++) {

		if (a->argc == 4) {
			if (!strcasecmp(a->argv[3], "audio")) {
				if (!((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_AUDIO_MASK)) {
					continue;
				}
			} else if (!strcasecmp(a->argv[3], "video")) {
				if (!((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_VIDEO_MASK)) {
					continue;
				}
			} else if (!strcasecmp(a->argv[3], "image")) {
				if (i != 16 && i != 17) {
					continue;
				}
			} else if (!strcasecmp(a->argv[3], "text")) {
				if (!((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_TEXT_MASK)) {
					continue;
				}
			} else {
				continue;
			}
		}

		snprintf(hex, sizeof(hex), "(0x%llx)", 1LL << i);
		ast_cli(a->fd, "%19llu (1 << %2d) %20s  %5s   %8s   (%s)\n", 1LL << i, i, hex,
			((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_AUDIO_MASK) ? "audio" :
			i == 16 || i == 17 ? "image" :
			((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_VIDEO_MASK) ? "video" :
			((1LL << i) & AST_FORMAT_TEXT_MASK) ? "text" :
			"(unk)",
			ast_getformatname(1LL << i), ast_codec2str(1LL << i));
		found = 1;
	}

	if (!found) {
		return CLI_SHOWUSAGE;
	} else {
		return CLI_SUCCESS;
	}
}

static char *show_codec_n(struct ast_cli_entry *e, int cmd, struct ast_cli_args *a)
{
	format_t codec;
	int i, found = 0;
	long long type_punned_codec;

	switch (cmd) {
	case CLI_INIT:
		e->command = "core show codec";
		e->usage =
			"Usage: core show codec <number>\n"
			"       Displays codec mapping\n";
		return NULL;
	case CLI_GENERATE:
		return NULL;
	}

	if (a->argc != 4)
		return CLI_SHOWUSAGE;

	if (sscanf(a->argv[3], "%30lld", &type_punned_codec) != 1) {
		return CLI_SHOWUSAGE;
	}
	codec = type_punned_codec;

	for (i = 0; i < 63; i++)
		if (codec & (1LL << i)) {
			found = 1;
			ast_cli(a->fd, "%11llu (1 << %2d)  %s\n", 1LL << i, i, ast_codec2str(1LL << i));
		}

	if (!found)
		ast_cli(a->fd, "Codec %lld not found\n", (long long) codec);

	return CLI_SUCCESS;
}

/*! Dump a frame for debugging purposes */
void ast_frame_dump(const char *name, struct ast_frame *f, char *prefix)
{
	const char noname[] = "unknown";
	char ftype[40] = "Unknown Frametype";
	char cft[80];
	char subclass[40] = "Unknown Subclass";
	char csub[80];
	char moreinfo[40] = "";
	char cn[60];
	char cp[40];
	char cmn[40];
	const char *message = "Unknown";

	if (!name)
		name = noname;


	if (!f) {
		ast_verbose("%s [ %s (NULL) ] [%s]\n", 
			term_color(cp, prefix, COLOR_BRMAGENTA, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cp)),
			term_color(cft, "HANGUP", COLOR_BRRED, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cft)), 
			term_color(cn, name, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cn)));
		return;
	}
	/* XXX We should probably print one each of voice and video when the format changes XXX */
	if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_VOICE)
		return;
	if (f->frametype == AST_FRAME_VIDEO)
		return;
	switch(f->frametype) {
	case AST_FRAME_DTMF_BEGIN:
		strcpy(ftype, "DTMF Begin");
		subclass[0] = f->subclass.integer;
		subclass[1] = '\0';
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_DTMF_END:
		strcpy(ftype, "DTMF End");
		subclass[0] = f->subclass.integer;
		subclass[1] = '\0';
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_CONTROL:
		strcpy(ftype, "Control");
		switch (f->subclass.integer) {
		case AST_CONTROL_HANGUP:
			strcpy(subclass, "Hangup");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_RING:
			strcpy(subclass, "Ring");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_RINGING:
			strcpy(subclass, "Ringing");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_ANSWER:
			strcpy(subclass, "Answer");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_BUSY:
			strcpy(subclass, "Busy");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_TAKEOFFHOOK:
			strcpy(subclass, "Take Off Hook");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_OFFHOOK:
			strcpy(subclass, "Line Off Hook");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_CONGESTION:
			strcpy(subclass, "Congestion");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_FLASH:
			strcpy(subclass, "Flash");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_WINK:
			strcpy(subclass, "Wink");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_OPTION:
			strcpy(subclass, "Option");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_RADIO_KEY:
			strcpy(subclass, "Key Radio");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_RADIO_UNKEY:
			strcpy(subclass, "Unkey Radio");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_HOLD:
			strcpy(subclass, "Hold");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_UNHOLD:
			strcpy(subclass, "Unhold");
			break;
		case AST_CONTROL_T38_PARAMETERS:
			if (f->datalen != sizeof(struct ast_control_t38_parameters)) {
				message = "Invalid";
			} else {
				struct ast_control_t38_parameters *parameters = f->data.ptr;
				enum ast_control_t38 state = parameters->request_response;
				if (state == AST_T38_REQUEST_NEGOTIATE)
					message = "Negotiation Requested";
				else if (state == AST_T38_REQUEST_TERMINATE)
					message = "Negotiation Request Terminated";
				else if (state == AST_T38_NEGOTIATED)
					message = "Negotiated";
				else if (state == AST_T38_TERMINATED)
					message = "Terminated";
				else if (state == AST_T38_REFUSED)
					message = "Refused";
			}
			snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "T38_Parameters/%s", message);
			break;
		case -1:
			strcpy(subclass, "Stop generators");
			break;
		default:
			snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "Unknown control '%d'", f->subclass.integer);
		}
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_NULL:
		strcpy(ftype, "Null Frame");
		strcpy(subclass, "N/A");
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_IAX:
		/* Should never happen */
		strcpy(ftype, "IAX Specific");
		snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "IAX Frametype %d", f->subclass.integer);
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_TEXT:
		strcpy(ftype, "Text");
		strcpy(subclass, "N/A");
		ast_copy_string(moreinfo, f->data.ptr, sizeof(moreinfo));
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_IMAGE:
		strcpy(ftype, "Image");
		snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "Image format %s\n", ast_getformatname(f->subclass.codec));
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_HTML:
		strcpy(ftype, "HTML");
		switch (f->subclass.integer) {
		case AST_HTML_URL:
			strcpy(subclass, "URL");
			ast_copy_string(moreinfo, f->data.ptr, sizeof(moreinfo));
			break;
		case AST_HTML_DATA:
			strcpy(subclass, "Data");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_BEGIN:
			strcpy(subclass, "Begin");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_END:
			strcpy(subclass, "End");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_LDCOMPLETE:
			strcpy(subclass, "Load Complete");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_NOSUPPORT:
			strcpy(subclass, "No Support");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_LINKURL:
			strcpy(subclass, "Link URL");
			ast_copy_string(moreinfo, f->data.ptr, sizeof(moreinfo));
			break;
		case AST_HTML_UNLINK:
			strcpy(subclass, "Unlink");
			break;
		case AST_HTML_LINKREJECT:
			strcpy(subclass, "Link Reject");
			break;
		default:
			snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "Unknown HTML frame '%d'\n", f->subclass.integer);
			break;
		}
		break;
	case AST_FRAME_MODEM:
		strcpy(ftype, "Modem");
		switch (f->subclass.integer) {
		case AST_MODEM_T38:
			strcpy(subclass, "T.38");
			break;
		case AST_MODEM_V150:
			strcpy(subclass, "V.150");
			break;
		default:
			snprintf(subclass, sizeof(subclass), "Unknown MODEM frame '%d'\n", f->subclass.integer);
			break;
		}
		break;
	default:
		snprintf(ftype, sizeof(ftype), "Unknown Frametype '%d'", f->frametype);
	}
	if (!ast_strlen_zero(moreinfo))
		ast_verbose("%s [ TYPE: %s (%d) SUBCLASS: %s (%d) '%s' ] [%s]\n",  
			    term_color(cp, prefix, COLOR_BRMAGENTA, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cp)),
			    term_color(cft, ftype, COLOR_BRRED, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cft)),
			    f->frametype, 
			    term_color(csub, subclass, COLOR_BRCYAN, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(csub)),
			    f->subclass.integer, 
			    term_color(cmn, moreinfo, COLOR_BRGREEN, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cmn)),
			    term_color(cn, name, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cn)));
	else
		ast_verbose("%s [ TYPE: %s (%d) SUBCLASS: %s (%d) ] [%s]\n",  
			    term_color(cp, prefix, COLOR_BRMAGENTA, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cp)),
			    term_color(cft, ftype, COLOR_BRRED, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cft)),
			    f->frametype, 
			    term_color(csub, subclass, COLOR_BRCYAN, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(csub)),
			    f->subclass.integer, 
			    term_color(cn, name, COLOR_YELLOW, COLOR_BLACK, sizeof(cn)));
}


/* Builtin Asterisk CLI-commands for debugging */
static struct ast_cli_entry my_clis[] = {
	AST_CLI_DEFINE(show_codecs, "Displays a list of codecs"),
	AST_CLI_DEFINE(show_codec_n, "Shows a specific codec"),
};

int init_framer(void)
{
	ast_cli_register_multiple(my_clis, ARRAY_LEN(my_clis));
	return 0;	
}

void ast_codec_pref_convert(struct ast_codec_pref *pref, char *buf, size_t size, int right) 
{
	int x, differential = (int) 'A', mem;
	char *from, *to;

	if (right) {
		from = pref->order;
		to = buf;
		mem = size;
	} else {
		to = pref->order;
		from = buf;
		mem = sizeof(format_t) * 8;
	}

	memset(to, 0, mem);
	for (x = 0; x < sizeof(format_t) * 8; x++) {
		if (!from[x])
			break;
		to[x] = right ? (from[x] + differential) : (from[x] - differential);
	}